Causes of Enuresis

Bedwetting is caused by various physiological or psychological factors: small bladder, lack of antidiuretic hormone, constipation, stress, changes in the child’s lifestyle.

During the day, the bladder gradually fills with urine that comes from the kidneys. The bladder is a small bag that expands to hold fluid. When it reaches its maximum capacity, it begins to contract and sends messages to the brain telling it that it needs to empty.

Children begin to be aware of this feeling of emptying their bladder around 2-3 years and gradually begin to control the urge. Most children have good control during the day between 3-4 years. It is totally normal for a child to get wet at night and have occasional accidents at four years of age.

Alteration of the awakening mechanism

Delayed maturity

Small bladder

Deficiencies in the normal production of antidiuretic hormone

Overproduction of urine at night

Heritage

Psychological causes

Organic causes (some diseases may be accompanied by enuresis)

Consequences

Enuresis leads to physical and emotional problems for both the child and the family, which tend to be more severe as the child grows up without solving the problem.

After allergies, enuresis is the
chronic condition most common in
children over 5 years of age.

Enuresis not only brings problems to the child but also to the whole family, and it worsens as children grow without solving it.

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References: 1Nørgaard JP et al. Experience and current status of research into the pathophysiology of nocturnal enuresis. Br J Urol 1997; 79: 825-835.2 Vande Walle J et al. Practical concensus guidelines for the management of enuresis. Eur J Pediatr 2012; 171: 971-983 Erratum in: Eur J Pediatr. 2012; 171: 1005: Eur J Pediatr. 2013; 172: 285.3 Butler RJ, Heron J. The prevalence of infrequent bedwetting and nocturnal enuresis in childhood. Scand J Urol Nephrol 2008; 42: 257-264.4 Yeung CK et al. Characteristics of primary nocturnal enuresis in adults: an epidemiological study. BJU Int 2004; 93: 341-3455 Adapted from Vande Walle J, Rittig S, Bauer S et al. Practical consensus guidelines for the management of enuresis. Eur J Pediatr 2012; 171: 971-983. Erratum in: Eur J Pediatr. 2012; 171: 1005: Eur J Pediatr. 2013; 172: 285.